База задач по английскому языку

Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Perfect, и определите его временную форму (Present, Past или Future) и залог (Active или Passive). Переведите предложения на русский язык. 

1. Our research had been finished by the end of the year.

2. By the beginning of the year their new office will have been built.

3. We have just received your letter.

Choose the correct word.

1. The President has the right to … the State Duma.

a. fire    b. resign     c. dissolve    d. dismiss

2. The State Duma can bring … against the President of the Russian Federation for his impeachment.

a. votes        b. accusations         c. charges           d. changes

3. Legal systems usually have codes of conduct for the police, guaranteeing the suspects … to independent lawyers.

a. access             b. exit            c. right            d. claim

4. In 1980, the Supreme Court ruled that, except in a life-threatening …, the Fourth Amendment forbids searching a home without a warrant.

a. emergency          b. crime           c. investigation          d. affair

5. After receiving information that a crime has been …, the investigator, for instance, commences the preliminary investigation.

a. codified        b. committed           c. made           d. executed

6. The Juvenile Inspection is responsible for … of juvenile delinquency.

a. crime           b. judgement              c. commitment           d. prevention

7. All the Crown Court work is concerned with cases … for trial or sentence by the Magistrates or with appeals from their decisions.

a. committed            b. done            c. bound            d. made

8. The magistrates have limited … powers.

a. punishing            b. ruling                c. sentencing           d. accusating

9. In general, the division between … and criminal law is reflected in the UK system.

a. illegal            b. civil              c. royal           d. public

10. The … structure of federal courts is comparable to that of the various state court systems.

a. hierarchical             b. modern           c. execute          d. acceptable

Complete the sentences, or add a sentence, using the ideas in brackets and a verb in the Past Perfect.

a. Jane was furious _____________ (overslept and miss the bus)

b. Mary was very disappointed with her son. She ___________ (send/good school, but he/ not do any work, and fail/exams)

c. Brian was sent to prison for three years. He __________(steal money/employer, spend/drugs)

d. I was very nervous as I waited in the departure lounge. I______________ (never/fly/before)

e. Jack wanted a new challenge in his work. He_____________ (been/same job/ten years)

f. I didn't know his name, but the face was familiar. I was sure ______________(see/somewhere/ before)

g. Mick was now a penniless beggar, but he___________(not always/be/poor, be/millionaire, business/collapse, lose/everything)

h. When I got home, I was starving. I _____________(not have/anything to eat all day)

Change the following sentences from Active into Passive.

1) The students often see him in the club/

2) They teach English at college.

3) He can easily translate this article. 

4) They clean the classroom every day. 

5) People speak English all over the world. 

6) They built this farm from brick and wood. 

7) The students learn a lot of English words. 

8) She regularly goes to the library.

9) People drink a great deal of tea in England.

Complete the following sentences using enough with one of these words: big, clean, old, warm, well, chairs, experience, cups, money, qualifications, room, time, food. 

1. It’s only a small car. There isn’t …. for all of you. 2. Do you think I’ve got …. to apply for the job? 3. He didn’t get the job because he didn’t have ….. . 4. I can’t make coffee for everybody. There aren’t ….. in the office. 5. Are you ….. ? Or shall I switch on the heating? 6. We would like to buy a Mercedes but we haven’t got ….. . 7. My brother didn’t feel …. to go to work this morning. 8. Try this jacket and see if it’s …..  for you. 9. There weren’t …. for everyone to sit down. 10. The water was not …. to swim in. 11. Graham didn’t finish the test. He didn’t have ….. . 12. There is not …… to feed the company of twelve.

What is the difference between the following synonyms:
1) research
2) survey
3) exploration
4) examination
5) analysis
6) fact-fi nding
7) investigation
8) enquiry (inquiry)
9) study
10) discovery

Поставьте глагол в скобках в нужную форму сослагательного наклонения:

1. If you (to go) and (to live) in that country, you (to find) easier to learn the language. 
2. If it (not to cost) so much she (to buy) that dress. 
3. If I (to be) you, I (to do) this work yesterday. 
4. If Bob (to know) she was here he (to tell) her everything. 
5. If we (not to waste) so much energy, our resources (to last) longer.
6. Joan (to send) the telex if the manager (to ask) her to do it. 
7. I (not to be) late for work yesterday if I (to have) an early night the day before yesterday. 
8. If jack (to buy) the car earlier, it (to cost) less than now. 
9. If I (to know) that it was going to rain, I (to take) an umbrella. 
10.Just imagine what the world (to be) like if we (not to have) electricity!

Раскрывая скобки, напишите каждое предложение три раза, образуя условные предложения I, II, и III типов.

E.g. If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you. -  If you are free, I shall come to see you.  If you were free, I should come to see you.  If you had been free, I should have come to see you.

1.  You (to be angry) very, if we (not to come).

2. He (to be displeased) by nobody if you (not to ring) him up.

3. They all (to be surprised) if I (to make) such a mistake.

4. If he (to do) not come in time, we (have) to wait for him.

5. If my mother (to ask) me I (to play) with your friend. 

Put the verbs in brackets into Present Simple or Present Continuous Tense.

1. I (to write) a composition now.

2. I (not to drink) milk now.

3. I (to go) for a walk after dinner.

4. I (not to go) to the theatre every Sunday.

5. He (not to read) now.

6. He (to play) now.

7 He (to play) now?

8. My mother (to work) at a factory.

9. My aunt {not to work) at a shop.

10. You (to work) at an office?

11. My friend (to live) in St. Petersburg.

12. My cousin (not to live) in Moscow.

13. The children (not to sleep) now.

14. The children (to play) in the yard every day.

15. They (not to go) to the stadium on Monday.

Раскройте скобки, поставив предложенное прилагательное в нужной степени.

Jill’s a far________ (intelligent) person than my brother. Kate was the_________ (practical) of the family. Greg felt __________ (bad) yesterday than the day before. This wine is the ____________ (good) I’ve ever tasted. Jack was the________ (tall) of the two. Jack is the__________ (clever) of the three brothers. If you need any ___________ (far) information, please contact our head office. The sinking of Titanic is one of _____________ (famous) shipwreck stories of all time. Please, send the books back without_________ (far) delay. The deposits of oil in Russia are by far the __________ (rich) in the world. Could you come a bit _______ (early) tomorrow? I like this song _________ (well) than the previous one. Which of these two performances did you enjoy ________ (much)? The fire was put out _________ (quickly) than we expected.

Вставьте am not/isn’t/aren’t или don’t/doesn’t. Все эти предложения отрицательные.

1 Tom _______________ work at weekends.

2 I'm very tired. I ________________ want to go out this evening.

3 I'm very tired________________ going out this evening

4 Gary _____________ working this week He's on holiday.

5 My parents are usually at home. They _______________ go out very often.

6 Nicola has travelled a lot, but she ______________speak any foreign languages.

7 You can turn off the television_____________ watching it.

8 Lisa has invited us to her party next week, but we______________ going.

В каждом из этих предложений допущена ошибка. Напишите правильные предложения.

1 This house built 100 years ago.

2 Football plays in most countries of the world.

3 Why did the letter send to the wrong address?

4 A film studio is a place where films make.

5 Where are you born?

6 How many languages are speaking in Switzerland?

7 Somebody broke into our house, but nothing stolen.

8 When was invented the bicycle?

Составьте предложения из этих слов. Некоторые предложения вопросительные. Предложения 1-7 должны быть в настоящем времени.

1 (the office / clean / every day)

2 (how often / these rooms / clean?)

3 (glass / make / from sand)

4 (the windows / clean / every two weeks)

5 (this room / not / use / very much)

6 (we / allow / to park here?)

7 (how / this word / pronounce?)

Предложения 8-15 должны быть в прошедшем времени.

8 (the office / clean / yesterday)

9 (the house / paint / last month)

10 (my phone / steal / a few days ago)

11 (three people / injure / in the accident)

12 (when / this bridge / build?)

13 ( \( 1 / \) not / wake up / by the noise)

14 (how / these windows / break?)

15 (you / invite / to Jon's party last week?)

Напишите ответ.

Four teachers dress to feel warm. Teacher A has a hat and a scarf and gloves, B has only a hat, C only a scarf and D has only gloves. One teacher out of the four is selected at random. Show that though each pair of events H = 'the teacher selected has a hat', S = 'the teacher selected has a scarf', and G = 'the teacher selected has gloves' are independent, all three of these events are not independent.

Дополните каждое второе предложение таким образом, чтобы по смыслу оно совпадало с первым предложением. Включить выделенное слово.

1.  I try not to drink too much Coca-Cola in a week.  cans

I try not to drink too __________ of Coca-Cola in a week.

2.  Would you like some more chocolate?  piece

Would you like ______________ chocolate?

3. I don’t want a lot of cream on my strawberries. cream

I only want ___________on my strawberries.

Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box. 

…………………………

get   meet   see   set

…………………………                                                      

1 Bill’s leaving on Friday. I’m going to ______ him off.

2 If we want to get there tomorrow, we have to ______off early.  

3 Chris is coming tomorrow. Can you go and ______ him at the airport?

3 You’ll never ______ lost on the London Underground.  

I. Перепишите предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет:

а) показатель 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в простом настоящем времени (Present Simple);
б) признак множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показатель притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Предложения переведите:

    1. The lecturer gave several examples of Russian scientists’ achievements.
    2. The foundation of Izhevsk dates back to 1760.
    3. The author mentions this phenomenon in his articles.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, подчеркните эти формы и переведите предложения:

    1. The more I studied English, the more I liked it.
    2. My friend is the best student of our group.
    3. Your composition is better, than mine.
    4. The faster the molecules of a substance move, the higher is the temperature of it.

 III. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол сказуемое и определите его видовременную и залоговую форму. Предложения переведите:

    a) 1. The reactor is fast becoming a major source of heart and electricity.
2. Scientists have found ways of measuring the sizes and positions of bodies in the Universe.
b) 1. Elements are transformed into other elements in different ways.
    2. The launching of “Sputnik-1” was followed by many achievements in science and engineering.
    3. The explanation of these facts has not been given yet.
    4. Several attempts have been made recently to produce artificial rain.

IV. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните причастия, установите функцию каждого из них, переведите предложения:

    1. These reactions convert hydrogen into helium giving off a great amount of light and heat.
    2. The formula E=mc2 deduced by Einstein is perhaps the most well-known equation in the world.
    3. Soils containing too much sand or clay are off less value in agriculture.
    4. Plastics articles are often difficult to repair if broken.

V. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в каждом модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения:

    1. Laser light can be used to transmit power of various types.
    2. The application of computers should help in automatic control in industrial processes.
    3. These new materials had to withstand much higher temperatures than metals.
    4. Ethylene gas may be obtained by cracking petroleum.

VI. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив, установите его функцию и переведите предложения:

    1. They promised to supply us with the necessary equipment.
    2. The purpose of this book is to describe certain properties of metals.
    3. The experiment to be carried out is very important for our research.
    4. To convert chemical energy into electrical energy we must use an electrical cell.

VII. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на функцию слова one:

    1. One must know the chemical properties of the atom.
    2. He hasn’t got a radio-set, he wants to buy one.

VIII. Письменно переведите текст, обращая внимание на пояснения к тексту:

Conductors and Insulators
All substances have some ability to transmit electrons but they differ greatly in the ease with which electrons pass through them. For instance, a copper wire conducts electricity readily, glass conducts so little currents that it is hardly measurable. Substances through which currents easily pass are the conductors. Substances strongly resisting the flow of current are the insulators. An insulator is also called a dielectric.
Almost all metals are good conductors of electricity but we consider silver to be the best conductor of all. Copper comes next, it is followed by aluminium. Copper is our commonly used conductor.
Some liquids also conduct electric currents. They even prove to be good conductors of electricity. Most gases conduct current under proper conditions of pressure and temperature. However, they are not as good electrical conductors as metals.
The most common materials used to resist electric flow are: glass, rubber, porcelain, paper, oil, cotton and silk. Non-ionized clean air is also considered to be a good insulator. It is often used for this purpose in electrical apparatus.
It would be quite wrong to think that conducting materials are the only materials used for the transmission of power. We need both conductors and insulators. We cannot do without the copper wire which conducts the electric power and, acts as a conductor. However, we have to use an insulator to prevent electrical losses.
In the transmission of power we generally employ the best conductors.

Пояснения к тексту:
for instance – например
however – однако
it would be quite wrong – было бы неправильно …..
the only – единственный
to do without – обходиться без
in order that – для того, чтобы

IX. Переведите следующие технические термины и словосочетания:

to conduct electricity
transmission of power
to transmit electrons
electrical loss
electric current
non-ionized air
electric field
conducting material
electric conductor
insulating material
to resist electric flow

Раскройте тему: Pain management in dentistry. Neuralgia. Diagnostics.

Put in What, Where, Why, When, How into the gaps.

1)     …does Bill get up in the morning?
2)     …hobbies does Andrew have?)
3)     …is Susan's birthday?
4)     …do they go to every week?
5)     … old is Mike?
6)     … are you doing at the moment, Sally?
7)     …don't you go by bus, Max?
8)     … do the Robinsons live?
9)     …are my exercise books?
10)… do you like best?

1. Прочитайте и переведите письменно текст, выполните задания к нему.

GOING TO THE AIR TERMINAL AND BOARDING A PLANE

When you plan to go somewhere by plane, you are supposed to do everything in advance. First, a ticket is bought, usually several days before the flight. You take your passport to the ticket office of the airline you choose and you are sold a ticket for the flight you want. Then, already at home, you take up a more difficult job – everything must be packed! Attention – if you take too many things and pack several suitcases for only one person, the luggage will be overweight and you will be asked to pay for the amount not included in the ticket.

At last the day of your departure comes and you take a bus to the air terminal. Don’t forget that the tickets are registered two hours before the flight and latecomers are not welcomed, come in due time and save your own nerves. If going by bus doesn’t seem to be quick enough, better take a taxi. And please be prepared for many check-ups.

When you arrive at the airport, you are taken straight to a walk-through detector and your luggage is x-rayed by security cameras. Then you are allowed to the passenger waiting area and wait till your flight is called. As the announcement of your flight is being made, you are also told which number check- in desk to go to. There your passport and ticket are checked and your things, which have already been checked at the entrance, are searched again. You keep the hand luggage with you, but your suitcases are x-rayed once more and taken to the plane on a conveyor belt. On international flights the luggage is often searched by a security officer, and even the body search is allowed, though it is a rare case. Then you go through another detector and the boarding procedure is over. You can now go to the departure lounge.

Soon the time to board the plane comes. You are either told which number gate takes you to the ramp and straight on board your plane, or a special bus comes to take passengers to the plane somewhere in the middle of the airfield. On board you are met by your flight attendant and shown to your seat. At last you can sit and do nothing – your job of coming to the airport and boarding the plane is over, the job of the air crew that welcomes the passengers on board starts.

While the plane is being taxied to its starting position, the air hostess announces the names of the pilot and copilot and gives the passengers all the information about the plane, safety equipment, the speed and altitude at which you will be flying. Everyone is asked to fasten the seat belts. You make yourself comfortable and get ready for the take-off. Don’t be nervous – going somewhere by plane is much safer than going to the same place by car. Soon you will reach your place of destination and will be met at the airport by relatives or friends.

2. Подберите к каждому слову пару с похожим значением. Запишите и переведите полученные пары слов.

You represent a firm of market research consultants which is proposing to carry out research into Internet use in East Africa for the producer of a very low-cost, Internet-ready palmtop computer (the client company). Look at the informal notes and draw up the first part of a proposal in three paragraphs (200–250 words), with subheadings as shown. You do not need to specify details such as costs and deadlines for the work.

Переведите текст.

TEXT

Microeconomics

The word «micro» means small, and microeconomics means economics in the small1. The optimizing behavior of individual units such as households and firms provides the foundation for microeconomics.
Microeconomists may investigate individual markets or even the economy as a whole, but their analyses are derived from the aggregation2 of the behavior of individual units. Microeconomic theory is used extensively in many areas of applied economics3. For example, it is used in industrial organization, labor economics, international trade, cost-benefit analysis4, and many other economic subfields. The tools and analyses of microeconomics provide a common ground, and even a language, for economists interested in a wide range of problems.
At one time there was a sharp distinction in both methodology and subject matter5 between microeconomics and macroeconomics.
The methodological distinction became somewhat blurred6 during the 1970s as more and more macroeconomic analyses were built upon microeconomic foundations. Nonetheless, major distinctions remain between the two major branches of economics. For example, the microeconomist is interested in the determination of individual prices and relative prices (i.e., exchange ratios7 between goods), whereas the macroeconomist is interested more in the general price level and its change over time.

Пояснения к тексту
    1) in the small –  в малом, локально;
    2) aggregation – агрегирование, объединение;
    3) applied economics – прикладная экономика; 
    4) cost-benefit analysis – анализ затрат и результатов;
    5) subject matter – предмет, тема обсуждения;
    6) to blur – затуманивать, размывать;
    7) exchange ratios – ставка (соотношение обмена).

1. Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту.
1.    What is, according to the text, microeconomics?
2.    What is the foundation for microeconomics?
3.    What are microeconomists' analyses derived from?
4.    Where is microeconomic theory used?
5.    Are there any distinctions between the two major branches of economics?
6.    What are the macroeconomist and the microeconomist interested in?

2. Укажите, какие утверждения не соответствуют содержанию текста и исправьте их.
    1. Microeconomists' analyses are derived from the economy as a whole.
    2. Microeconomic theory is used in industrial organization, labor economics, international trade, cost-benefit analysis, and many other economic subfields. 
    3. There have never been any distinctions in both methodology and subject matter between microeconomics and macroeconomics.
    4. The macroeconomist is interested in the determination of individual prices and relative prices, whereas the microeconomist is interested more in the general price level and its change over time.

3. Заполните пропуски предлогами.
    1. Microeconomic theory is used extensively ... many areas ... applied economics.
    2. The tools and analyses of microeconomics provide a common ground ... economists interested ... a wide range ... problems.
    3. At one time there was a sharp distinction ... both methodology and subject matter ... microeconomics and macroeconomics.
    4. Nonetheless, major distinctions remain ... the two major branches ... economics. 

4. Найдите русские эквиваленты к следующим английским словосочетаниям: 
    1) optimizing behavior of individual units;
    2) industrial organization;
    3) labor economics;
    4) international trade;
    5) cost-benefit analysis;
    6) sharp distinction in both methodology and subject matter.

5. Задайте все виды вопросов к следующему предложению.
At one time there was a sharp distinction in both methodology and subject matter between microeconomics and macroeconomics.

Откройте скобки и поставьте глагол в одну из форм Passive Voice: Present / Past / Future Simple. 

1. Ann (bite) by a homeless dog. - (Аню укусила бездомная собака.)
    2. The zoo (reconstruct) next year. - (Зоопарк будут реконструировать в следующем году.)
    3. The luggage (must check) at the customs. - (Багаж необходимо проверить на таможне.)
    4. Souvenirs (sell) everywhere. - (Сувениры продают везде)
    5. The job (finish) at 3 o’clock. - (Работу закончат к 3 часам)
    6. __the Olympic Games (hold) every 10 years? (Олимпийские игры проводятся каждые 10 лет?)
    7. __ bread (make) from flour or potatoes? (Хлеб готовят из муки или картофеля?)
    8. ___ the Eifel Tower (build) in Moscow? (Эйфелева башня была построена в Москве?)
    9. ____ the final exams (take) in summer or in winter? (Выпускные экзамены будут сдаваться летом или зимой?)
    10. When __ Christmas (celebrate) in Europe? (Когда празднуется Рождество в Европе?)

Прочитать и перевести текст.

Sports

People all over the world are fond of sports and games. Sport makes people healthy, keeps them fit, more organised and better disciplined. It unites people of different classes and nationalities. Many people do sports on their personal initiative. They go in for skiing, skating, table tennis, swimming, volleyball, football, basketball, body-building etc.

All necessary facilities are provided for them: stadiums, sport swimming pools, skating-rinks, football fields. But, of course, one has to pay for these services.

Sport is paid much attention to in our schools and Institutes. Physical training is a compulsory subject. Different sports and games are popular with my classmates. All my friends go in for different kinds of sport, such as water sports (that is swimming, sailing, rowing), gymnastics, horse-racing, wrestling, fencing, weightlifting, boxing, football, basketball, volleyball, etc.

And now a few words about our physical training lessons at school. In summer they are held out-of-doors. When it is cold outside the lessons are held indoors in our school gymnasium.

Professional sport is also paid much attention to in our country. In the city where I live, there are different sport societies, clubs and sport schools. Practically all kinds of sports are popular in our country, but gymnastics and tennis enjoy the greatest popularity.

The most popular kinds of sports in the United States are baseball, basketball and American football. In England the popular kinds of sports are golf and rugby. Englishmen like football too. It is their national kind of sports.

2. Ответить на вопросы после текста.

Questions:

1. Why do people all over the world are fond of sports and games?

2. What are summer sports and what are winter sports?

3. What kinds of sports are popular with your friends and schoolmates?

4. Do you have to pay for sports facilities, such as stadiums, swimming pools and tennis courts?

5. What can you say about physical training lessons at your school?

6. What kinds of sport are the most popular in our country?

7. What are the sports clubs in our country?

8. What are the most popular kinds of sport in America and England?

9. What other American or English sports do you know?

10. Are American football and baseball popular in Russia? Why and why not?

11. What do you do to be healthy and fit?