База задач по английскому языку

Read and translate the text. 

Big companies have many managers who head departments. They are all responsible to the managing director. The board of directors appoints managing director to be in charge of the day-to-day running of the company. Among various departmental managers the following can be mentioned: 

a) personnel manager, who heads the personnel department in a company that deals with employing and training people;

b) sales and marketing manager, who deals with the business of advertising and selling goods or services and thus he is in charge of promoting the company product;

c) management accountant.

Let us consider the role of a management accountant for a company.

Top management very often depends on the management accountant for information necessary for making decisions. To evaluate decision alternatives the accountant uses special analysis and reporting techniques. Decisions about long-capital expenditures are the most complex. However, day-to-day operating decisions call for accurate evaluation too. So a major task of managers is to set plans for the business on the information presented by the management accountant. Having set plans for business, managers must monitor progress and take any corrective actions. To do their work properly management accountants should be highly qualified and they need to keep up with the latest developments in the uses of computers and in computer system designs. 

Prepare an abstract on the topic: British national school of painting and its main characteristics. Portrait painting as a glory of British art. William Hogarth as a founder of British portrait’s school.

Преобразуйте следующие утвердительные предложения в отрицательные:

1. Inorganic chemistry deals with substances obtained directly or indirectly from minerals, ores and similar sources. (Отрицание при P) 

2. Organic chemistry deals with substances which are composed in part of carbon. (Отрицание при S)

3. The basic concepts of chemistry have become part of the education required for many professionals. (Отрицание при C)

4. One substance can be converted into the other substance under chemical reaction. (Отрицание при A)

Составьте деловое письмо на английском языке на основе  заданной ситуации.

Topic

You work for a big international company and have been asked to find a suitable venue for a full-day seminar. The location is preferably a hotel in Europe since you have many branches there. Write a letter to the hotel’s Reservation Manager making all the necessary arrangements. You should mention the date and time when you check in and check out, the number and type of rooms you need. You are supposed to find out the following information:

- hotel charges and discounts;

- cancellation policy of the hotel;

- conference facilities for the seminar;

- safety and hygiene measures implemented to deal with the coronavirus;

- hotel’s recreational activities;

- tours and excursions provided by the hotel concierge service.

Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1) Most museums of London are free and give free guided tours as well as lectures.

2) Some cinemas are cheaper on Mondays; others sell half-price tickets before 6 p.m.

3) The Cutty Sark1 at the village of Greenwich on the River Thames is the most famous teaclipper in Britain. 

Пояснения:

The Cutty Sark– Катти Сарк – последний из больших чайных клиперов, стоит в Гринвиче в сухом доке, открыт для публики как музей.

Complete with past simple

1. I ___________ (loose) my watch in the park. 

2. David ___________ (not hurt) his knee. 

3. I kicked the ball and it ___________ (break) a window.

4. My new shoes ___________ (not cost) a lot of money. 

5. I ___________ (get) this book from the library. 

6. The plane ___________ (land) ten minutes ago.

7. We ___________ (live) in that house when I was a baby.

8. My brother ___________ (not cry) when he fell of his bike.

9. We ___________ (walk) to school yesterday.

10. I opened the door and ___________ (look) inside.

11. Who ___________ (close) all the windows?

12. I ___________ (carry) my mom´s shopping bag.

13. I ___________ (not climb) over the fence.

14. I ___________ (rip) my shirt.

15. We had a garage where we ___________ (keep) our car.

16. Ali ___________ (cut) his knee.

17. The glass ___________ (fall) off the table.

18. The glass ___________ (not break). 

Translate into English 

Вы пишете в своей работе, что на луне тоже есть люди. Но этого не может быть, потому что этого не может быть никогда! Ведь если бы там и были люди, они могли бы ходить только вверх ногами! И даже если бы люди могли как-то жить на луне, то они бы заслоняли (shield) ее магический свет своими домами. Без дождей люди не могут жить, а ведь дождь идет вниз на землю, а не вверх на луну. И если бы люди жили на луне, они тоже падали бы вниз на землю, и свой мусор (wastes) они бы выбрасывали на наши головы. Как могли бы люди жить на луне, если она существует только ночью, a днем исчезает? Да и правительства не могут дозволить кому-либо жить на луне, потому что в таком далеком месте можно было бы укрываться (hide) от налогов (tax). Нет, люди могут жить только там, Где мы с вами живем.

И насчет другого важного пункта не могу с Вами согласиться: если бы мы с вами происходили от глупых и невежественных (ignorant) обезьян, то у нас был бы хвост и дикий голос и нас бы водили по городам цыганы на показ и мы бы платили деньги за показ друг друга. И разве могли бы мы любить и не презирать женщину, если бы от нее хоть немножко пахло обезьяной, которую мы каждый вторник видим у предводителя дворянства (Aiderman’s house)? Если бы наши прародители (forefathers) происходили от обезьян, то их. кончено же не похоронили бы на христианском кладбище. (Чехов. “Письмо к ученому соседу”)

Translate into English, using the forms of Subjunctive Mood (сослагательного наклонения) referring to the Present.

1.Вы знали бы грамматику лучше, если бы уделяли ей больше внимания.

2.Если бы вы знали грамматику лучше, вы не делали бы так много ошибок.

3.на вашем месте я выучил бы сначала слова.

4.если бы он не был занят, он помог бы нам.

5.Если бы она не была так упряма, она бы согласилась на наше предложение.

6.Было бы чудесно, если бы в воскресенье не было бы дождя.

7.Я научился бы водить машину, если бы она была у меня.

8.Кто бы еще мог это сделать, если бы тебя не было здесь?

Поставьте подходящее слово из скобок. 

1. There is too ... (much/many/a few) salt in the soup. 

2. There are ... (much/a little/a few) sky-scrapers in our city. 

3. I've got ... (much/a few/a little) albums of this singer. 

4. My job allows me to travel ... (much/many/a few). 

5. We've got (little/many/few) free time. 

6. I have never seen so ... (much/little/many) stars in the sky. 

7. Anna spent ... (much/a few/a little) days in Rome. 

8. I'd like just (much/a few/a little) tea. 

1. Spain now uses the euro. Pesetas are no longer ____________. 

a. good money        b. legal money         c. legal tender 

2. I bought a TV which doesn't work. I'll take it back to the shop to get ___________. 

a. my money returned          b. a refund          c. a repayment 

3. In a shop, to get a refund, you usually have to show the ___________. 

a. receipt           b. recipe          c. payment ticket 

4. In an auction, the item is sold to the person who makes the highest __________. 

a. bid          b. price           c. offer 

5. In Japan, the US dollar is __________. 

a. foreign money         b. strange money          c. a foreign currency 

6. In Britain, it's not usual to discuss your personal __________ 

a. money            b. finances          c. money arrangements 

Прочитайте и переведите текст. 

THE AMERICAN FAMILY

Most American families consist of a mother, a father, and three or four children living at home. There may be relatives – grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and in-laws in the same community, but American families usually maintain separate households. This familial structure is known as the «nuclear family». It is unusual for members of the family other than the husband, wife, and children to live together. Occasionally an aging grandparent may live with the family, but this arrangement is usually not considered desirable.

Although the nuclear family unit is economically independent of the rest of the family, members of the whole family group often maintain close kinship ties. Visiting between parents and their married children and between married sisters and brothers is frequent when they live close to each other. If they live in different communities, they keep in touch by writing letters and by telephone.

In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are old enough, they participate as well. Foreign observers are frequently amazed by the permissiveness of American parents. The old rule that «children should be seen and not heard» is rarely followed,' and children are often allowed to do what they wish without strict parental control.

The father seldom expects his children to obey him without question, and children are encouraged to be independent at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom too far. Young people are expected to break away from their parental families by the time they have reached their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a failure, a kind of weak dependence.

С позиции переводчика в одном из СМИ выполнить перевод на русский язык текста политической направленности и изучить специфику перевода политических терминов на материалах британских СМИ.

Содержание задания провести предпереводческий анализ выбранного текста и составить глоссарий, изучить научную и профессиональную литературу по теме, указать источники, представить развернутый ответ на последний вопрос, в который будут включены собственный анализ, а также аргументация научной литературы.

CBI boss urges Sunak to show more ambition on economy

The head of the UK’s leading business organisation is to call for Rishi Sunak to show more ambition on the economy, warning that the country risks being left behind on green growth and that a cull of EU laws could scupper a recovery.

While stressing that he did not want to be seen as a “doomster or gloomster”, Tony Danker, director general of the Confederation of British Industry (CBI), is to use what the organisation is billing as a “major” speech to call for action on several fronts.

The comments, while carefully worded and pitched by the CBI as a positive set of ideas rather than direct criticism, will nonetheless be widely seen as a rebuke to No 10 and the Treasury.

Speaking at University College London on Monday, Danker will praise Sunak and the chancellor, Jeremy Hunt, for stabilising the economy after the impact of Liz Truss’s disastrous autumn mini-budget, but will add that both now need to be more proactive.

Public services like the NHS, schools and transport require more investment, Danker will say, according to extracts of the speech briefed in advance, adding: “But there isn’t any more money, because there isn’t any growth.”

He will say there is a “denial of where our economy is right now compared to our international competitors” which risked the UK suffering through limited ambition. “The current CBI forecast is that the prime minister should comfortably hit his pledge of getting the economy growing by the end of the year, by 0.1%. But my argument is that if our policies today aim for 0.1% growth, it’s the most we’ll ever achieve.”

The speech is particularly damning on green-based growth, with Danker saying that “the UK is falling behind rapidly to the Americans and the Europeans, who are outspending and outsmarting us”.

While Sunak has talked up his desire to invest in green technology and renewable energy sources, there is resistance among some Tory MPs to areas such as onshore wind and solar power. In contrast, Labour has promised to invest £28bn a year in climate measures.

Inaction means the country is “leaving huge amounts of money on the table”, Danker is to argue, saying that in two years the UK lost a potential £4.3bn in green market share.

“While our competitors across Europe, Asia and the US are making their move, and going hell for leather, we seem to be second guessing ourselves and hoping for the best.” He will add: “It’s time for us to take those hard decisions, generating the forward momentum not only to limit recession this year but also get us really growing next.”

Another strongly worded section sees Danker argue that while there is a good argument for the UK to diverge from EU regulations after Brexit, scrapping up to 4,000 EU-derived laws by the end of 2023, as promised under the retained EU law bill, was “creating huge uncertainty for UK firms”.

He will say: “On the UK’s regulatory divergence from Europe, the government is convinced this is a major opportunity for growth. I agree it can be too. But it’s a bit more complicated than scrapping overnight many of the terms of trade we’ve used for decades.

“Do we really want to subject the public – and industry – to another round of mass confusion and disruption, just when we’re trying to exit recession?”

EU laws should be reviewed and, where needed, repealed as part of a wider strategy, Danker is to say: “Smartly, not the retained EU law bill’s way – foolishly.”

Other concerns to be raised by Danker included the imminent demise of the “super deduction” tax incentive for business investment, and a lack of action over issues affecting employees, including expensive childcare and the need for higher skills.

Complete the sentences with didn't need to/didn't have to or needn't have and any verb in the appropriate form that makes the sentence meaningful

Дополните предложения грамматической структурой didn't need to/didn't have to или nееdn't have и любым подходящим по смыслу глаголом в нужной форме,

1) "How much did you pay for the yesterday performance?" –  have to pay: ______I was given an invitation".

2) I bought the fruit, but when I came home I discovered that my wife had already bought them. I________ them.

3) My employer is very upset. He spent the whole morning on installing new surveillance because the old one didn't work. But when he took down the old equipment, he saw that the cable was simply disconnected. He _______ wasted so much money and time on the new equipment.

4) You ______ cooked the dinner because I have made soup. It is in the fridge.

5) How nice that I installed a new program on my computer last week! I _______ to install it yesterday evening to make the Excel tables in a new format.

6) Thank you for writing the instructions about what's wrong with my car. I _______ to explain the problem to the mechanics when I took the car to the service station.

7) When I came to the office on Sunday to prepare the papers for tomorrow's meeting, I discovered that the secretary had already prepared them. I _______.

8) You _____ to explain the rules in so much detail The students know them already.

9) Thank you for buying the book for me. But you_______ the money: could have taken it in the library.

10) Thank you for buying the book for me! I _____ to go to the library yesterday!

Лексическое задание к тексту. Найдите и исправьте ошибки в следующих предложениях. Необходимо выделить слова, которые исправили.

a) Organs of legislative, executive and judicial power are interrelated.

b) The Constitutional Court, Supreme Court, Supreme Court of Arbitration and lower federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the Federal Assembly on the recommendation of the president, interpret laws and can overturn laws they deem unconstitutional.

c) The unicameral Federal Assembly, made up of the State Duma, adopts federal law, declares war, revises treaties, has the power of the purse, and has power of impeachment, by which it can remove the President.

d) The Constitutional Court, Supreme Court, Supreme Court of Appeal and lower federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president, interpret laws and can overturn laws they deem unconstitutional.

e) State power in the subjects of the Russian Federation is exercised by the organs of state authority appointed by the President.

f) The President of the Russian Federation is the head of state, the founder of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, of human and civil rights and freedoms.

g) The President of the Russian Federation defines the basic domestic and foreign policy guidelines of the state apart from the Constitution and federal laws.

h) The President of the Russian Federation is elected for a term of four years by the citizens of the Russian Federation on the basis of silent, equal and direct vote by secret ballot.

i) The heads of state organs responsible for security and defense are independent from the President.

 Read the situation and write a suitable sentence. Use the given verb. Pattern: Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. (lose) - He has lost his key. 

1. Ann's hair was dirty. Now it is clean. (wash). 

2. Tom was 80 kilograms. Now he weighs 70. (lose weight). 

3. The car has just stopped because there isn't any more petrol in the tank. (run out of petrol). 

4. Yesterday Bill was playing football. Now he can't walk and his leg is in plaster. (break). 

5. Father bought a packet of cigarettes yesterday. Now the packet is empty. (smoke). 

6. I was well yesterday. Now I have a sore throat. (to catch a cold).

7. My friend was here a few minutes ago. But now she is out. (go home). 

Перевести текст с английского на русский язык.

PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT

Recently more and more attention has been focused on the problem of preserving the environment. Over the past 30 years or so the quality of many people’s lives has deteriorated in some respects because of technological progress. Those people living near airports are constantly attacked by the noise of increasingly larger and more powerful jet aircraft taking off and landing. We have ugly buildings which have appeared in towns and cities. Some of these are blocks of flats-high-rise buildings built because of the high price of land.

The motor car has been responsible for many changes in the environment. On the one hand it has brought mobility to millions of people but on the other it has led to the construction of more noisy and dangerous roads and has polluted the atmosphere with exhaust fumes.

While towns and cities become larger and uglier and more densely populated, the rural areas have lost most of their population owing to the need for fewer workers in agriculture. The countryside has also been affected the large-scale use of insecticides. For one thing the killing of insects resulted in a loss of balance in the ecology. Insects, although a nuisance to farmers, provide food for birds. Many people are afraid that fruit and vegetables sprayed with chemicals may have some poisonous effect upon people who eat them.

Recently, however, certain counter measures against the destruction of the environment have been introduced. One of the first acts of Parliament to counter pollution was the Clean Air Act, which opened the way to smokeless zones in large towns and cities. This followed a bad winter in which many people with bronchial complaints became very ill through the effect of a mixture of smoke, fog and fumes known as ‘smog’. Rivers which are fouled up with industrial chemical waste are now being cleaned, and fish which could not live there a few years ago can be caught again.

The sharp increase in water pollution is alarming. The pollutants come mainly from municipal and industrial wastes and from agricultural land’s run-off. It is common knowledge that water pollution contributes greatly to an increase in the sickness rate among the population. A large majority of these cases are caused by the lack of clean water. Synthetic detergents present a great pollution danger. Unlike organic wastes they cannot be destroyed by bacterial action. As a result in some areas there is hardly a river or a lake which does not have a dangerous amount of detergents.

One cannot deny that environmental pollution is the most dangerous side effect of human activity. It is causing global changes in the environment and deterioration of the biosphere. The nature of the processes is not clear and the amount of damage is still uncertain because of the lack of sufficient information. The scientists who are now tackling the problem of the environmental protection represent such areas of knowledge as biology, ecology, chemistry, geography, physics, economics and the law.

Сопоставьте понятия с их определениями.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice.

1.    The rule explained by the teacher at the last lesson (to undertand) by all of us. 
2.    The poem was so beautiful that it (to learn) by everybody. 
3.    I hope the invitation (to accept) by everybody. 
4.    The letter (to post) in half an hour. 
5.    It seems to me that music (to hear) from the next room. 
6.    At the last competition the first prize (to win) by our team.
7.    The question (to settle) as soon as they arrived.
8.    Your report must (to divide) into two chapters.
9.    Soon he (to send) to a sanatorium. 
10.    The book (to discuss) at the next conference.
11.    The composition must (to hand) in on Wednesday. 
12.    Yesterday he (to tell) to prepare a speech. 
13.    The article (to publish) last week, if I am not mistaken.
14.    14.The lectures (to attend) by all of us.
15.    A taxi (to call) fifteen minutes ago, so we are expecting it any moment.
16.    The young man (to introduce) to me only a couple of hours ago, but it seems to me that I've known him for years.

Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия.

1. Не heard the voices coming through the open window.
2. Waiting for him I looked through the magazines lying оп the table.
3. They remained at home refusing to go anywhere that day.
4. The channel linking the two seas is being built now.
5. The explanation given was not complete.
6. Тhe new materials recommended for bridge construction were described in the article written bу our professor.
7. The results received were of great importance for further work.
8. А balsa tree found in South America is lighter than any other.
9. Having passed all the examinations bе left for Кiev.    
10. Having been shown the wrong way I could not find his house.

Составьте предложения, соединив части А и В:

А

1. The Russia oil industry present
2. Gas industry of the country is
3. The oil and gas industry is currently
4. Extraction levels fell
5. Russia plays a significant part
6. It moves towards new economic relations
7. Russia’s oil reserves are
8. In Russia the oil and gas industry is historically regarded

B

1. following its own way.
2. the third largest in the world.
3. as being one of the most important sectors of the economy.
4. still a system-forming industry.
5. tremendous opportunities for firms.
6. in the formation of world prices.
7. at the beginning of the 1990s.
8. the main source of the state’s tax revenues and currency revenues.

Подчеркните в следующих предложениях Participle I и  Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык: 

1. Having spent nearly three months in London students will have some familiarity with its life and culture. 

2. The course is a three-year programme requiring students to study a mixture of compulsory and optional subjects. 

3. Computers are also used for a wide range of projects including  computer-aided graphics and design.   

4. Students can develop their own programs with the assistance of a  member of staff if required.  

5. This year we are offering two new undergraduate courses.    

Подчеркните в предложениях глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

Render the passage in English using the English equivalents of the italicised phrases given in Russian. Express the main idea of the passage in one sentence or entitle it.

Правительство финансирует (finance) большую часть своих расходов за счет налоговых поступлений (by taxation). Если правительство тратит больше, чем получает в виде налогов (they levy or charge in taxes), ему приходится брать деньги в долг.

Прямые налоги (direct taxex) взимаются (are collected) правительством с доходов физических и юридических лиц (individuals and businesses).

- Физические лица платят подоходный налог с (income tax on) заработной платы (wages and salaries) и всех остальных видов дохода.

- В большинстве стран существует налог на прирост капитала (capital gains tax) от прибыли, полученной от продажи активов (assets), таких как акции (shares or stocks).

- Компании платят налог на прибыль (corporation tax on profits).

- Компании и их работники платят налог национального страхования (national insurance tax) (в Великобритании), денежные средства от которого правительство тратит на социальное обеспечение (social security spending) – выплаты безработным, больным и так далее (unemployment pay, sick pay, etc.).

- Налог на передачу капитала (Capital transfer tax) обычно устанавливается на унаследованные деньги или собственность (inherited money or property).

Косвенные налоги (Indirect taxes) устанавливаются на (are levied on) производство или продажи товаров и услуг. Они включены в цену (are included in the price), установленную для конечного потребителя (paid by the final purchaser).

- Налог на добавленную стоимость (value-added tax) взимается на каждой стадии (at each stage of) производства на основе стоимости, добавленной (based on the value added) к продукту на данной стадии. Общая сумма (the whole amount of) налога добавляется к конечной цене (the final price) на продукт, которую оплатит конечный покупатель.

- В США существуют налоги с продаж (sales taxes), сумму которых розничные продавцы (retailers) включают в (levy on) розничную (retail) цену на товар.

- Правительство взимает акцизный налог или пошлину (excise taxes or duties) – дополнительный (additional) налог с продаж таких товаров, как табачные изделия (tobacco products), алкогольные напитки (alcoholic drinks) и бензин (petrol).

- Особые налоги - тарифы (tariffs) – часто устанавливаются на (charged on) импортные товары (imported goods).

Преобразуйте предложения в вопросительные и отрицательные.

1. He usually get up at 6 o'clock.

2. You sometimes go to bed at 11 o 'clock.

3. She has a cup of tea in the morning.

4. I clean teeth every morning.

5. We always do morning exercises.

6. My mother prepares dinner every day.